✒️ABAP / Las características de los programas ABAP Por Jaime Gomez Arango
ABAP Las características de los programas ABAP
ABAP Objects
Within ABAP, various types of objects can be created based on the requirement. The most common ABAP objects include:
- Classical reports, interactive reports, and ALV reports.
- Dialog programs (module pool).
- Function modules and RFC function modules.
- Forms, mainly SAPScripts and Smartforms.
- Batch Input: a program type used for massive data entry into the system.
- Enhancements: User Exit, Customer Exit, Field Exit, Screen Exit, Menu Exit, and Enhancements.
- Interfaces, i.e., input and output files.
Report:
A program consisting of a series of instructions and keywords designed to process input data. The data is entered through a selection screen or obtained from SAP system database tables. The entered data is processed, and the results are displayed or output to files.
Structure of a Report:
- ABAP program name.
- Declaration of data variables.
- Declaration of events and corresponding code for each one.
- Declaration of subroutines: created to modularize the program and aid in maintenance.
Reserved Words
Reserved words are statements within the ABAP programming language reserved for specific functions. They fall into four categories: declarative, event-related, control-flow-related, and operative. Adding comments in ABAP programs is considered good programming practice to enhance code understanding.
Declarative: Used for declaring data within the program, including DATA, TABLES, or CONSTANTS.
Event-Related: Related to events occurring in the program, such as START-OF-SELECTION, TOP-OF-PAGE, or INITIALIZATION.
Control-Flow-Related: Consists of statements controlling the program flow, like IF, WHILE, or DO.
Operative: Perform functions based on keywords, including WRITE, MOVE, or TRANSLATE.
Two Commenting Methods in ABAP
- Asterisk (*) in the first column of the row.
- Double quotes (" ") at any position on the line.
ABAP Program Events
ABAP is a structured, event-driven programming language that incorporates object-oriented programming from a certain version onwards.
ABAP Program Event:
An event is a label identifying a code section within a program. The code section associated with an event begins with an event name and ends when the next event name is encountered. Event names are reserved words, and new events cannot be created; only existing events can be used. The following are the main ABAP Program Events:
- INITIALIZATION: First event executed within the program, used to initialize the selection screen fields or other variables.
- AT SELECTION-SCREEN: Validates data entered in selection screen parameters.
- START-OF SELECTION: Executed when the REPORT statement is processed. It marks the beginning of the central processing of the program.
- END-OF-SELECTION: Code processed after the central processing of the program, typically used for list display or output file generation.
- AT LINE-SELECTION: For interactive reports, triggered when the user double-clicks on a line to show additional details.
- AT USER-COMMAND: Executes when the user clicks a button in the report menu.
- TOP-OF-PAGE: Processed before the first data appears on each page, used for printing or generating titles.
- END-OF-PAGE: Triggered when a new page is created in a list output.
The order of writing events in a program doesn't matter due to a predefined execution order.
Object Navigator
ABAP Editor (SE38) and Object Navigator (SE80) are tools for creating, modifying, or viewing various types of objects. Commonly Used ABAP Objects:
- Application Hierarchy: Allows the creation of objects like Packages, Programs, Table Types, and Transactions.
- Package: Create, modify, or view a development package or class.
- Program: ABAP program created through the ABAP editor (Tx SE38).
- Function Group: Used to group related function modules. Allows creation, modification, or viewing of a function group.
- Class/Interface: Objects for object-oriented programming.
- Comp./Intf. Web Dynpro: ABAP object used for developing web applications through SAP.
SE38 vs. SE80: SE38 is for creating program includes, while SE80 supports various ABAP objects, including program includes. Executable programs do not have an associated transaction code.
- Program Include: Modularizes created code.
- Module Pool: Dialog programs executed exclusively online for user interaction.
- Function Group: Groups function module declarations.
- Subroutine Pool: Contains subroutines callable from external programs.
- Interface Pool: Groups project ABAP interfaces.
- Class Pool: Groups project ABAP classes.
- TYPE-POOL: Concentrates declarations and types within an ABAP program.
Escanear / Compartir
Sobre el autor
Publicación académica de Jaime Eduardo Gomez Arango, en su ámbito de estudios para la Carrera Consultor ABAP Nivel Inicial.
SAP Expert
Jaime Eduardo Gomez Arango
Profesión: Ingeniero de Sistemas y Computación - España - Legajo: SW34C
✒️Autor de: 149 Publicaciones Académicas
🎓Egresado de los módulos:
- Carrera Consultor SAP BTP Fiori
- Carrera Consultor ABAP Nivel Avanzado
- Carrera Consultor ABAP Nivel Inicial
Disponibilidad Laboral: FullTime
Presentación:
Ingeniero de sistemas y computación con 8 años de experiencia el desarrollo frontend & backend (react/node) y en cloud (aws), actualmente desarrollando habilidades en sap btp, ui5, abap y fiori.
Certificación Académica de Jaime Gomez
